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著者: Marco Maggiorini, Hans-Peter Brunner-La Rocca, Simon Peth, Manuel Fischler, Thomas Böhm, Alain Bernheim, Stefanie Kiencke, Konrad E Bloch, Christoph Dehnert, Robert Naeije, Thomas Lehmann, Peter Bärtsch, Heimo Mairbäurl
雑誌名: Ann Intern Med. 2006 Oct 3;145(7):497-506.
Abstract/Text
BACKGROUND: High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is caused by exaggerated hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction associated with decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide in the lungs and by impaired reabsorption of alveolar fluid.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether dexamethasone or tadalafil reduces the incidence of HAPE and acute mountain sickness (AMS) in adults with a history of HAPE.
DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study performed in summer 2003.
SETTING: Ascent from 490 m within 24 hours and stay for 2 nights at 4559 m.
PATIENTS: 29 adults with previous HAPE.
INTERVENTION: Prophylactic tadalafil (10 mg), dexamethasone (8 mg), or placebo twice daily during ascent and stay at 4559 m.
MEASUREMENTS: Chest radiography was used to diagnose HAPE. A Lake Louise score greater than 4 defined AMS. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure was measured by using Doppler echocardiography, and nasal potentials were measured as a surrogate marker of alveolar sodium transport.
RESULTS: Two participants who received tadalafil developed severe AMS on arrival at 4559 m and withdrew from the study; they did not have HAPE at that time. High-altitude pulmonary edema developed in 7 of 9 participants receiving placebo and 1 of the remaining 8 participants receiving tadalafil but in none of the 10 participants receiving dexamethasone (P = 0.007 for tadalafil vs. placebo; P < 0.001 for dexamethasone vs. placebo). Eight of 9 participants receiving placebo, 7 of 10 receiving tadalafil, and 3 of 10 receiving dexamethasone had AMS (P = 1.0 for tadalafil vs. placebo; P = 0.020 for dexamethasone vs. placebo). At high altitude, systolic pulmonary artery pressure increased less in participants receiving dexamethasone (16 mm Hg [95% CI, 9 to 23 mm Hg]) and tadalafil (13 mm Hg [CI, 6 to 20 mm Hg]) than in those receiving placebo (28 mm Hg [CI, 20 to 36 mm Hg]) (P = 0.005 for tadalafil vs. placebo; P = 0.012 for dexamethasone vs. placebo). No statistically significant difference between groups was found in change in nasal potentials and expression of leukocyte sodium transport protein messenger RNA.
LIMITATIONS: The study involved a small sample of adults with a history of HAPE.
CONCLUSIONS: Both dexamethasone and tadalafil decrease systolic pulmonary artery pressure and may reduce the incidence of HAPE in adults with a history of HAPE. Dexamethasone prophylaxis may also reduce the incidence of AMS in these adults. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00274430.
PMID 17015867 Ann Intern Med. 2006 Oct 3;145(7):497-506.
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